Contrary to government and welfare group intentions, new puppy desexing laws will not only hurt the welfare of dogs, but also the safety and hip pocket of owners.
In an attempt to stem the production of unwanted dogs that are put down each year, the desexing of puppies prior to sale will soon be mandatory in South Australia. However many studies show sterilisation of young puppies puts them at substantially higher risk of a range of serious health and behavioral issues.
Concerns raised by the Australian Veterinary Association point to the dangers of infection and anesthesia posed by surgery at such a tender age, but this barely scratches the surface of the negative consequences that owners and their unfortunate dogs may face.
BEHAVIOR
Socialisation
Mandatory puppy desexing prior to sale will interfere with development of good social skills during the most critical period of social development.
Though (technically) puppies can be spayed or castrated (neutered) from the age of 6 weeks, in small breeds in particular it is prudent to delay the procedure until a minimum body weight safer for surgery is attained. This is to avoid complications posed by low body weight such as hypoglycemia and hypothermia. So by the time the stitches are removed – in all but the largest breeds – the puppy will already be 10 to 12 weeks old before it is ready for the new owner to collect.
Given that the puppy experiences its most intense ability to bond to humans between the ages of 6 and 8 weeks, such a delay not only deprives it of the opportunity to be thoroughly socialized by its new owner – you – but also may reduce its ability to attach emotionally to you and your family. And the timing of such a traumatic veterinary intervention during the heightened fear phase of development of the young pup – between the ages of 8 and 10 weeks – can imprint a lifelong fear of many events associated with the trauma such as riding in cars, meeting new people, being handled, and visiting the veterinarian.
Aggression
Environment Minister Ian Hunter seems to think that the rising number of people hospitalised in South Australia due to dog attacks is very strong case for mandatory desexing of animals. However, research suggests that sterilization does not always improve dog conduct, and is often associated with worse behavior[1].
Reviewing owner-reported behavior of a random sample of 1552 dogs, Serpell and Duffy discovered that, contrary to popular opinion, there’s little evidence that castration is an effective treatment for aggressive behavior in male dogs, and may exacerbate other behavioral problems. Castrated dogs are in fact about 30% more likely to show aggression to their owner and other dogs and spayed female dogs are about twice as likely to be aggressive toward their owners and to strangers than intact females.
Further they found that sterilisation doubles the likelihood that a dog of either sex will be sensitive to handling and dislike being touched, particularly bitches. Of additional concern, sterilised dogs (especially males) of either sex are about 40% more likely to be fearful than their more confident, intact brethren, with important negative implications for their sociability and likelihood to fear-bite.
Other Unwanted Behaviors
Looking specifically at males, on the positive side, early neutered dogs have a lower incidence of escaping, separation anxiety and inappropriate urination when frightened. Other undesirable male dog behaviors such as roaming, inter-male aggression and urine marking in the house is often (but not always) effectively curbed by castration but its success in this regard is not influenced by the age this is done. If castration is going to be useful to reduce these unwanted behaviors, it will be useful at any age.
On the negative side, castrated dogs are more likely to suffer from noise phobias and unwanted sexual behaviors (such as inappropriate humping).
HEALTH
What about the health benefits of sterilization? Yes, there are some, but also some serious negative impacts, particularly from early sterilization. Once aware of these, veterinarian Dr Karen Becker was full of remorse for the needless suffering she unwittingly inflicted on the dogs of responsible owners she had previously advised to neuter early in life. In this video she weeps for what she put them through:
Looking at general issues common to either sex, the most significant of these with respect to the number of dogs affected are cancer and orthopedic issues.
Cancer
Sterilisation is sometimes justified to protect dogs from reproductive cancer. But it’s a weak reason because the risk is very low – under 1% for males (testicular cancer) and only around 0.5% for bitches. Mammary cancer however is very common in some breeds and spaying bitches before the age of 2 ½ years has been shown to reduce the risk significantly.
Early sterilization on the other hand appears to increase the risk of other common cancers as it shuts off the proven protective effect of sex hormones.
Take bone cancer (osteosarcoma). It’s a common cause of death in many medium sized and larger breeds, and the earlier sterilization occurs, the more likely it is to occur[2]. Even the old protocol of neutering before one year of age has been shown to multiply the risk three (in bitches) to four (in male dogs) fold. For example, in a group of Rottweilers sterilized prior to one year of age one study found osteosarcoma struck 25% of bitches and 28% of dogs.
Another one is hemangiosarcoma, a cancer of blood vessel cells. Comprising around 6% of all canine cancers, it’s fairly common. Early sterilisation increases the risk by 60%, and research shows that the most protective strategy for your dog, especially if it is a bitch, is to delay the operation until after puberty.
Basically, the longer a dog has normal levels of sex hormones, the safer it is from most cancers.
Orthopedic Issues
Further, the known influence of sex hormones on skeletal development has raised concerns that early prepubertal or “pediatric” spaying might predispose dogs to weak bones and joint problems.
Some research suggests there is merely a delay to closure of bone growth plates resulting in slightly taller adult size in dogs sterilized at a young age. However, since growth plates close at different times in different bones, neutering when some bones have completed development and others have not could result in a misaligned skeletal structure with sub-optimal performance and durability. In keeping with this theory, one study of almost 2000 dogs found a 70% greater risk (but reduced average severity) of hip dysplasia in dogs spayed or castrated before 5 ½ months old. A sterilized dog or bitch is also twice as likely to suffer rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament, contributed to no doubt by their greater propensity to also be obese or overweight.
Other Health Issues
The earlier a bitch is spayed, the more retarded the development of its external genitalia, predisposing it to an increased risk of vaginal dermatitis, inflammation and infection. In addition, spayed bitches are three to four times as likely to suffer from chronic bladder infections, especially those sterilized before 5 ½ months of age.
All of these behavioral and health effects of puppy desexing prior to sale will amount to higher veterinary expenses for owners and reduced satisfaction with dog ownership – known triggers for having dogs put down or surrendered to shelters. Given this and the deleterious welfare implications of neonatal sterilisation, the fact that the chief bodies who have been pushing for compulsory desexing prior to sale of puppies have been peak welfare organisations such as the RSPCA and the Animal Welfare League is nothing short of ironic.
[1] Deborah L. Duffy, Ph.D., and James A. Serpell, Ph.D., Non-reproductive Effects of Spaying and Neutering on Behavior in Dogs, Center for the Interaction of Animals and Society, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
[2] Long-Term Health Risks and Benefits Associated with Spay / Neuter in Dogs (Literature review) Laura J. Sanborn, M.S. May 14, 2007
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Gioco su ‘sto baraccone da una cinque mesi ormai e mi sono fatto un’idea. Ci sono arrivato perche un collega me ne parlava sempre, non per i banner. La lobby e ampia: parliamo di circa 2.500 giochi e tra questi trovi cose firmata Pragmatic Play, Betsoft piu i soliti noti. Sweet Bonanza c’e subito in home, ovviamente.
La sezione che mi tiene qui e comunque il dal vivo. Croupier veri, studi Evolution che funzionano decentemente anche nelle ore di punta quando siamo tutti attaccati. Nel palinsesto di Crazy Time questa sezione e messa bene, per quanto due o tre tavoli sono spariti senza un perche. Ho passato anche qualche sera a studiare gli storici prima di puntare, senza farmi film: un metodo che regga nel tempo non esiste, pero la versione demo aiuta per capire i meccanismi senza pagare.
Sul pacchetto iniziale ci sono poco da dire: un 100% entro i 200 euro piu 200 giri gratis, wagering 30x che non e una passeggiata. C’era anche una promo senza deposito ma cambia ogni mese. I termini del welcome di Crazy Time le cambiano spesso, quindi meglio controllare le offerte del momento direttamente su crazy time demo prova prima di depositare. Deposito minimo 20 euro, iscrizione in cinque minuti con carta d’identita.
Lato prelievi: Neteller mi arriva entro il giorno dopo, Visa e Mastercard richiedono qualche giorno in piu come da copione. Il canale crypto e attivo, non lo uso. La KYC iniziale fatta a Crazy Time mi e costata quattro giorni, ed e il punto che mi ha dato piu fastidio. Superata quella e filato tutto liscio.
Da telefono non uso l’app, gira bene anche fuori casa; l’app esiste solo che pesa troppo sul mio vecchio telefono. L’assistenza ti scrive in italiano dopo qualche minuto, operatori svegli a parte una volta che rispondeva con frasi standard. Sulla licenza hanno Curacao, fate le vostre considerazioni rispetto il circuito ADM. Per ora rimango con cifre basse.
Gioco su Crazy Time da quattro mesi e ci sono arrivato un po’ per caso, senza cercarlo. La cosa che mi e saltata all’occhio e quante slot ci sono: ci sono qualcosa come 2.800 giochi, con i soliti noti Pragmatic Play — Sweet Bonanza li trovi ovunque ma almeno qui girano fluidi. Yggdrasil non manca comunque, Book of Dead soprattutto me lo gioco ancora.
Il reparto live e tutta Evolution, e la differenza si sente. Croupier veri, qualche tavolo in italiano la sera, piu i game show come Lightning Roulette e Monopoly. Ho passato piu tempo del previsto sulla ruota, non lo nego. Se uno vuole capire come funziona puo partire dalla prova gratuita, che e una cosa che apprezzo.
Il bonus in Crazy Time e 100% fino a 300€ piu 100 giri, wagering 40x — niente di eccezionale. Ci sono anche 20 giri gratis senza deposito con cap sulla vincita, quindi aspettative basse. Se vi interessa conviene guardare le termini e le promo del mese su crazy time live a prima di iscrivervi. Si parte da 10€, iscrizione in cinque minuti, verifica documenti al primo prelievo.
Sui pagamenti non ho avuto drammi: Visa/Mastercard piu gli e-wallet, c’e pure Bitcoin. Ho ritirato dieci giorni fa su Skrill, accreditato in una giornata. Sulle carte ci vogliono tre giorni, quindi ormai uso solo e-wallet. L’unica rottura vera e stato il KYC: primo upload rifiutato senza spiegazione.
L’help desk di Crazy Time risponde in italiano, via chat abbastanza rapidi, per email invece aspetti. La licenza e MGA — per chi gioca dall’Italia e un dettaglio da considerare.
Sul mobile il sito mobile e fatto bene, c’e anche un’app e carica un filo meglio. Un dettaglio che apprezzo e il tracciamento dei round precedenti, benche lo dico chiaro: non c’e schema che tenga che batta la casa. Io ci vado con budget fisso settimanale e me ne faccio una ragione.
Sto dentro Crazy Time da inizio anno e a questo punto ho capito come gira. Mi ci sono iscritto perche un amico mi aveva girato il link, iscrizione chiusa in quattro minuti, minimo di ricarica di 10 euro niente di assurdo. Documenti sbrigata in giornata, validati in circa 24 ore.
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Parlando di bonus: nel periodo in cui mi sono registrato davano il 100% fino a 500€ + 150 free spin distribuiti in qualche giorno, e anche un bonus senza deposito solo per la verifica. Il rollover sta a 30x e qui devo essere onesto: non e tenerissimo. Mi sono letto i termini due volte prima di cliccare, perche il max bet durante il bonus e basso. Le promo aggiornate li trovi su crazytime tanto cambiano spesso.
Prelievi: ho fatti un paio di volte finora. Skrill e Neteller volano, roba di una notte; carta Visa ci sono voluti 3 giorni lavorativi la volta scorsa. Supportano anche crypto, ma io non l’ho provato. La chat di Crazy Time parla italiano h24, in un caso ho aspettato venti minuti buoni in chat, pero poi hanno sistemato tutto. Licenza regolare, cosa che per me conta giocando dall’Italia.
Da telefono non ho mai avuto crash, la versione mobile e fatta decentemente e l’app esiste per Android, pero preferisco il browser. Una cosa segnalo: la ricerca nel catalogo di Crazy Time e migliorabile, per trovare un gioco specifico devi scrollare un bel po’. Un suggerimento: giratevi le demo dei titoli che non conoscete, e guardatevi le statistiche dei tavoli che trovi nell’interfaccia — non e che diventi una strategia infallibile, pero capisci dove stai mettendo i soldi. Bankroll a parte e limiti settimanali impostati subito, quello me lo sono imparato male anni fa.
Sto giocando su sti giochi da inizio anno e va detto la ruota mi ha dato piu momenti buoni di quanto pensassi. Non sono uno da puntate folli, in genere metto due o tre euro a giro e tanto basta. Il lobby su Crazy Time e parecchio ricco: tra le 1800 circa slot contando Pragmatic Play, NetEnt e Play’n GO, quindi i soliti noti come Book of Dead e Gates of Olympus ci sono tutti.
La parte live e gestita da Evolution e si vede. Croupier veri, con qualche tavolo italiano nelle ore di punta, e gli show tipo Monopoly Live sono proprio quelli in cui perdo la maggior parte del tempo. Di tanto in tanto do un’occhiata a le stats dei bonus prima di iniziare, piu che altro per scaramanzia.
L’offerta di benvenuto proposta da Crazy Time adesso e del 100% fino a 500€ piu anche 150 free spin, spalmati su qualche giorno. Esiste anche una decina di euro senza deposito se verifichi i documenti. Il wagering e sui 35x, nella media insomma, per cui occhio ai termini: trovi i termini precisi andando su crazy time prima di metterci soldi.
Per i soldi va abbastanza bene. Uso Skrill e i soldi arrivano entro le 24 ore, con Mastercard serve un paio di giorni lavorativi. C’e anche Bitcoin, che pero non ho testato. Il minimo per depositare 20€, l’iscrizione in tre minuti. L’unica cosa che mi ha rotto e stato il KYC: mi hanno rifiutato la bolletta due volte per un motivo assurdo.
L’assistenza su Crazy Time parla italiano ed e gia qualcosa, anche se di notte i tempi si allungano. Da telefono funziona senza problemi via browser, l’applicazione c’e per Android c’e ma e migliorabile. Sulla licenza MGA di Malta, quindi non e concessione italiana, cosa che a qualcuno non va giu. Per ora continuo, con la testa a posto.
Been using Rolletto for about three months now and wanted to share how it’s been going. Found it after googling around for somewhere new because I was getting bored of my usual spots. Signed up was like a couple of minutes, just the usual details, and I deposited ?20 as a first deposit — min deposit is ?20 which is fair enough.
First deposit bonus looked alright — I got a match of a hundred percent up to €500 with 200 spins thrown in. The rollover sits at 35 times which is about average for this kind of offer. Spins landed on Sweet Bonanza I think. I’ll be honest, I didn’t win much from the spins but the deposit match gave me a solid session.
Game selection at Rolletto is actually pretty stacked. They’ve got stuff from Pragmatic Play, Betsoft, Evolution for live. I mostly stick to Book of Dead and Big Time Gaming stuff like Bonanza. Looks like there’s 3000-odd games across the whole site. Live casino’s worth mentioning — the usual tables, and I keep going back to Crazy Time which is way too addictive. All Evolution-run, picture quality is really clean.
Cashing out is what I really wanted to test but honestly no complaints. Tried Neteller and it took about 24 hours. There’s also crypto like BTC and other options if that’s your thing. I’d check out what they’ve got on offer on Rolletto before you sign up. My one annoyance — KYC took ages to clear which was frustrating.
Using it on mobile, Rolletto loads nicely in the browser — no app needed and honestly the browser version is fine. It’s quick enough and I’ve played on my commute without issues. Their help team is always on via live chat and I got an answer in like thirty seconds when I had a bonus question. They’re Curacao licensed — not UKGC which some people might care about that.
Honestly, there are niggles — that slow verification plus the site design is a bit cleaner. But the games are class, I’ve had no payout dramas, and the matched deposit gave me good value. Your mileage may vary but I’m keeping Rolletto going forward.
Gioco su Slot Shopper da fine primavera e ormai posso parlarne senza sparare fesserie. Di roba ce n’e piuttosto vasta, intorno ai 3.000 titoli se non ho contato male, con Pragmatic Play che fa il grosso del lavoro. Book of Dead lo trovi subito in evidenza, poi ci sono Betsoft e Big Time Gaming per chi ama rischiare di piu.
La parte live e tutta Evolution, quindi sai gia cosa aspettarti: croupier reali, tavoli in italiano in certe fasce orarie, e i game show tipo Crazy Time dove la sera trovi un casino di gente. L’unica cosa che mi ha infastidito: su connessione mobile scarsa il video scatta, ma immagino sia colpa mia e non loro.
Sul bonus: su Slot Shopper il primo bonus e circa 100% fino a 500€ piu 100 spin gratuiti, spalmati su qualche giorno. Il requisito di puntata sta sul 35x sulla parte bonus, che non e regalato ma e nella media. Ci sono anche un piccolo no deposit da 10 giri in certi periodi, in ogni caso conviene guardare le promo aggiornate su slotshopper prima di depositare.
Il minimo per iniziare 10 euro, registrazione veloce ma il documento te lo chiedono per il KYC. Uso Skrill e i soldi sono rientrati in 24-48 ore. Carte, Skrill, Neteller, bonifico e qualche opzione in Bitcoin, c’e abbondanza. Il primo prelievo e stato piu lento perche stavano verificando i documenti.
Da mobile si gioca via browser, il responsive funziona, nulla di spettacolare ma funzionale. La chat di Slot Shopper e in italiano via live chat, tempi sui 5-10 minuti, una volta mi hanno risolto un giro non accreditato senza fare storie. Sono regolati con licenza MGA, cosa che per me conta piu del bonus.
Been punting at Trino for a good few months, mostly in the evenings, so read this as one punter’s view. Joined because of a mate’s recommendation, and the whole thing took under five minutes — email, password, done, though you do need docs later, which I expected.
The library is deeper than I thought — roughly 3,000+ slots and tables by my rough count. Pragmatic takes up a lot of space, so you get the obvious ones — Gates of Olympus and Sweet Bonanza pinned to the popular tab. Play’n GO supplies Book of Dead, plus a fair chunk of NetEnt knocking about. I mostly stick to high-volatility slots when I’ve got patience.
The welcome offer at Trino Casino was a 100% match to ?300 with 150 spins, split across a few deposits. Wagering is 40x, which is neither great nor awful. Minimum is a tenner. There’s a small no deposit thing now and then — it rotates, so it’s worth a check the live promos at trino casino if you’re keen.
Cashouts are the bit that matters, and here Trino Casino has behaved. Withdrew a few hundred to Neteller last week and it cleared next morning. Visa and Mastercard work, Skrill and Neteller are faster, plus there’s Bitcoin for anyone who bothers. The one thing that annoyed me: bank transfers dragged on for nearly a week initially.
Live chat is 24/7 and the people there answered properly, but getting a human can take a good quarter of an hour on a Saturday night. The live section runs on Evolution, so real croupiers, proper blackjack and roulette tables, and Crazy Time if you like the game show stuff — I don’t, much. There’s no dedicated app, just a browser version, and it is fine on iPhone though sometimes forgets my filters.
Signed up at Lottoland since the start of summer, so the honeymoon phase is well behind me. Originally came for the lottery side, and then discovered the casino section. The gaming section goes deeper than you would think, mixing lottery betting with standard casino games.
Software comes from Pragmatic Play, NetEnt, Evolution and Nolimit City. The top titles are easy to find, though the total count is lower than a standalone casino. What makes it different is the lotto side: EuroMillions, PowerBall, MegaMillions and about forty others, and the jackpot sizes can be staggering. Scratchcards and quick games fill out the rest.
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The app is available on both iOS and Android, and the interface is clean. Results come through live in the app, with the casino accessible from the same app. Support is available via live chat and email, wait times are short. Dual licensed, Gibraltar and UK, meaning real consumer protection. A reliable option for lottery and light casino play.
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[…] in South Australia breeders must sterilise puppies before they go to their new homes. Barbaric! If that happened here in Western Australia I would rather not breed at all. The […]